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Routes of Delivery

MedPharm excels at integrating formulation design with final drug product design. We offer end-to-end support for various topical delivery routes, including dermal, nasal/lung, ophthalmic, otic, vaginal/rectal, and ungual.

Our proprietary performance testing models, thorough understanding of complex delivery routes, and rigorous approach to drug development make us the topical partner of choice for pharmaceutical companies around the globe.

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SKIN

Dermal Delivery

MedPharm is a world-leading contract development organization for topical and transdermal products. We are renowned for our expertise in the design and testing of effective, safe and aesthetically elegant dermatological formulations. Our extensive knowledge has evolved from our 20 years of specialized experience with dermal topical development.

MedPharm is at the cutting edge of developing ex vivo penetration and disease models. These models are used to optimize formulation design and target engagement against established and customer specific biochemical pathways. We are experts in developing a wide range of semi-solid dosage forms including creams, gels, sprays, foams, ointments, lotions, mousses and lacquers. This proficiency extends to developing transdermal patches across a range of designs, from drug in adhesive to multi-layer.

MedPharm’s proven, cost-effective solutions ensure that projects are right the first time, allowing our clients to get to market quicker.

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Books

The Art and Science of Dermal Formulation Development. M.B. Brown and A.C. Williams, 2019, CRC Press, New York

Editorials and Articles

Drug Development and Delivery. M.B.Brown. J. Lenn and J. Drummond (2018) Topical Development: Fast Tracking Your Way to Success.

Refereed Papers

Determining the degree of saturation after application of transiently supersaturated metered dose aerosols for topical delivery of corticosteroids. M. Reid, S. A. Jones and M. B. Brown,. J.Pharm Sci., (2009), 98:543-554

An evaluation of the potential of linear and nonlinear skin permeation models for the prediction of experimentally measured percutaneous drug absorption. M.B. Brown, S.T. Lim, Y. Sun, N. Davey, G.P.J. Moss, S-H. Yoo, C. De Muynckan. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., (2012), 64:566-577

Rationalising polymer selection for supersaturated film forming systems produced by an aerosol spray for the transdermal delivery of methylphenidate. A. Edwards, S. Qi, F Liu, M.B. Brown, & W.J. McAuley, European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics, 2017, 114: 164-174

Posters

Formulation Drug Delivery Congress USA 2019 (California USA). Development of an Abuse – Deterrent Methylphenidate MedSpray® System. A. Edwards 2, F. Liu 2, M.B. Brown 1, W. J. Mcauley 2

Lung & Nasal Delivery

MedPharm has decades of experience developing and characterizing suitable drug products and devices for delivery to the nasal cavity and lung. We have developed numerous respiratory products currently marketed in the US and Europe. Our successful creation of performance models for MDI, DPI and nebuliser formulations has been made possible by the extensive and specialized expertise of our scientists.

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AIRWAYS

Refereed Papers

Evaluation of the Ability of a Novel Miconazole Formulation to Penetrate Nail Using Three Nail In Vitro Models. L.Christensen, R.J. Turner, S. Weaver, F. Caserta, L. Long, M. Ghannoum, M.B.  Brown Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017: 61:e02 554-16

In vitro efficacy of tavaborole topical solution, 5% after penetration through nail polish on ex vivo human fingernails. A.K. Gupta, T. C. Vlahovic, K. A. Foley, N. Gellings Lowe, R.J. Turner, M.B. Brown and S. Hall., Journal of Dermatological Treatment 2018; 29: 633-636

Use of in vitro performance models in the assessment of drug delivery across the human nail for nail disorders. M.B.Brown, R. Turner, S.R. Wevrett,.Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 2018; 15:983-989

Posters 

5th FIP Pharmaceutical Sciences World Congress, Melbourne, Australia (April 2014). Characterisation of onychomycotic nail plates. A. Baraldi, S. Guesné,S.A. Jones, M.J Traynor, W. J. McAuley,  M.B. Brown and  S. Murdan

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EYE

Ophthalmic Delivery

Developing drugs for the eye is a significant challenge. The eye is a complex organ with unique anatomy and physiology, and it can be difficult to overcome its natural protective barriers. MedPharm has an outstanding track record of developing drops, lotions and injectables covering conjunctival, corneal, intravitreal and transscleral routes of delivery.

MedPharm has developed specific proprietary models for measuring trans-corneal penetration. These models make use of human or porcine cornea, and have helped optimise formulations and understand the fate of products applied without having to run in vivo trials.

The collective expertise of our scientists has led to the successful development of commercial topical, intravitreal (intra-ocular) and trans-scleral (peri-ocular) products for both immediate and controlled release.

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Editorials and articles

ONdrugDelivery M.B.Brown, J.Volmer, J, Drummond (2019) The Challenges and Opportunities of  Drug Delivery Through a Complex Barrier

Refereed Papers 

Diffusion through the ex vivo vitreal body – Bovine, porcine, and ovine models are poor surrogates for the human vitreous.S. Shafaie, V. Hutter, M.B. Brown, M.T. Cook, D.Y.S Chau. Int J Pharm.:550:207-215.

In Vitro Cell Models for Ophthalmic Drug Development Applications. S.Shafaie, V. Hutter, M.T. Cook, M.B. Brown, D.Y Chau, Biores Open Access. 2016, 5:94-108

Oromucosal, Rectal and Vaginal Delivery

MedPharm develops bespoke performance models for clients using relevant tissue sources in these highly niche markets. By producing robust data to support our products clinical efficacy and extend marketing claims, we provide clients with the optimal development and regulatory strategy throughout the development process.

Our scientists have direct expertise in developing a wide range of formulations optimized for mucosal membrane treatment including creams, gels, ointments, suppositories, foams, sprays, lotions, lozenges and films.

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MUCOSAL MEMBRANES

Refereed papers in Scientific Journals

Interaction of Formulation and Device Factors Determine the In Vitro Performance of Salbutamol Sulphate Dry Powders for Inhalation. J.Muddle, D. Murnane, I. Parisini, M.B. Brown, C.Page and B.J.  Forbes. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences . (2015) 104 (11): 3861–3869

Using Salt Counterions to Modify β2-Agonist Behavior in Vivo. A.Patel, S.D. Keir, M. B. Brown, R.J. Hider,S. A. Jones  and C. P. Page. Mol. Pharmaceutics, 2016, 13, 3439−3448

Predicting the Fine Particle Fraction of Dry Powder Inhalers Using Artificial Neural Networks. J.Muddle, S.B. Kirton, I Parisini, A.G. Muddle, D. Murnane, J. Ali, M.B. Brown, C. Page, B.J. Forbes.  J Pharm Sci. 2017;106(1):313-321.

Posters

DDL26, Edinburgh, UK Dec 2015, 1) In vitro assessment of alveolar macrophage characteristics for the application of inhaled pharmaceuticals A. Martin, D.Y.S Chau, D. Murnane, M.B. Brown, V. Hutter and

DDL26, Edinburgh, UK Dec 2015,2) Towards an in vitro bioassay for drug delivery from orally inhaled products J. Muddle, V. Kanabar, M.B. Brown, C. Page and B. Forbes.

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EAR

Otic Delivery

MedPharm has developed specific drops, lotions and other topicals for treating outer and middle ear conditions. This experience extends into the development of drops and foams, both of which are effective formulations for treating the ear canal.

We have developed bespoke performance models using otic tissue in the most relevant ex vivo model to support our clients’ product development.

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Books 

M.B. Brown and V. Patel, Buccal and Sublingual Drug Delivery in Drug Delivery and Targeting 2nd Edition. A. Hillery, A. Lloyd and J. Swarbrick (Eds), 2016, CRC/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton., USA, pp201-214

Refereed Papers

Advances in oral transmucosal drug delivery. V.F. Patel, F. Liu, M.B. Brown. J Control Release. (2011), 153:106-116

In Vitro And In Vivo Evaluations Of Buccal Drug Delivery Systems V.F. Patel, F. Lui and M.B. Brown, M.B., Modelling The Oral Cavity, Journal of Controlled Release (2012), 161: 746-756.

Polymeric gels for intravaginal drug delivery. M.T. Cook, M.B. Brown. J Control Release. 2018;270:145-157.

Posters 

Determination Of The Permeation And Penetration Of Flurbiprofen From A Locally Acting Sore Throat Lozenge And Spray Into Human Pharynx Tissue Using A Novel Ex Vivo Model And A Validated Analytical Method. TURNER R, WEVRETT S, EDMUNDS S, BROWN MB, ATKINSON R, SHEA T.

Ungual and Transungual Delivery

MedPharm has extensive expertise in the development of drugs for ungual and transungual drug delivery, including ownership of unique proprietary efficacy testing models. We use our disease activity data and development expertise to help clients obtain biowaivers from regulatory authorities, eliminating the requirement for clinical testing on nail products.

By using proprietary validated models, MedPharm has been involved in the development of all the major brands in US and European markets. These products cover a wide range of formulations for treating nails including creams, gels, sprays, lotions, and lacquers. The unique models can also be used to extend marketing claims and educate key opinion leaders.

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NAILS

Refereed Papers

Evaluation of the Ability of a Novel Miconazole Formulation to Penetrate Nail Using Three Nail In Vitro Models. L.Christensen, R.J. Turner, S. Weaver, F. Caserta, L. Long, M. Ghannoum, M.B.  Brown Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017: 61:e02 554-16

In vitro efficacy of tavaborole topical solution, 5% after penetration through nail polish on ex vivo human fingernails. A.K. Gupta, T. C. Vlahovic, K. A. Foley, N. Gellings Lowe, R.J. Turner, M.B. Brown and S. Hall., Journal of Dermatological Treatment 2018; 29: 633-636

Use of in vitro performance models in the assessment of drug delivery across the human nail for nail disorders. M.B.Brown, R. Turner, S.R. Wevrett,.Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 2018; 15:983-989

Posters 

5th FIP Pharmaceutical Sciences World Congress, Melbourne, Australia (April 2014). Characterisation of onychomycotic nail plates. A. Baraldi, S. Guesné,S.A. Jones, M.J Traynor, W. J. McAuley,  M.B. Brown and  S. Murdan

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